FPGAs
FPGAs are integrated circuits that can be programmed after manufacturing to perform custom logic functions. They’re widely used in areas where speed, flexibility, and parallel processing are key.
Advantages:
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Parallel Processing
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FPGAs can execute multiple operations in parallel, making them ideal for high-speed data processing like video/image processing, AI inference, and real-time control.
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Reconfigurability
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You can reprogram the logic as needed, even after deployment (great for prototyping or evolving requirements).
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Low Latency
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Tasks can be done in hardware rather than software, reducing response time significantly.
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Custom Hardware
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You can implement a custom architecture tailored to your specific application, improving efficiency and performance.
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Deterministic Timing
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Unlike general-purpose CPUs, timing in FPGAs is predictable and consistent — important in real-time systems.
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Offloads Processing from CPU
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FPGAs can handle specific compute-heavy tasks, freeing up the main processor for other work.
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Quick Comparison Table
| Feature | FPGA | Microcontroller | Microprocessor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Processing Style | Parallel | Sequential | Sequential |
| Reprogrammable Logic | Yes | No | No |
| Power Efficiency | Moderate | High | Moderate to Low |
| Performance | High (for specific tasks) | Moderate | High |
| Cost | Higher | Low | Moderate to High |
| Use Case | Signal processing, AI, DSP | Embedded control systems | General-purpose computing |